{"id":759,"date":"2024-02-25T19:40:37","date_gmt":"2024-02-25T18:40:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/williamchevillon.fr\/?p=759"},"modified":"2024-03-28T14:10:28","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T13:10:28","slug":"les-1-des-lycees-herriot-et-piobetta-a-la-roche-sur-yon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/williamchevillon.fr\/index.php\/2024\/02\/25\/les-1-des-lycees-herriot-et-piobetta-a-la-roche-sur-yon\/","title":{"rendered":"Les 1 % des lyc\u00e9es Herriot et Piobetta \u00e0 La Roche-sur-Yon"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1951, le ministre de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale Pierre-Olivier Lapie parvient \u00e0 instituer une mesure par laquelle 1 % du montant hors-taxes de la construction d\u2019un b\u00e2timent scolaire est allou\u00e9 \u00e0 des travaux de \u00ab d\u00e9coration \u00bb. \u00c9tendu par ailleurs \u00e0 d\u2019autres minist\u00e8res, le dispositif vise \u00e0 soutenir les artistes mais \u00e9galement \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper l\u2019environnement artistique \u00e0 destination des usagers. Port\u00e9e d\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 1930, en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la crise, par des parlementaires de diff\u00e9rents bords politiques et par le ministre Jean Zay, la syst\u00e9matisation des commandes artistiques voit le jour dans un contexte de fort d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019immobilier scolaire. La France est en effet saisie de deux faits majeurs : la d\u00e9mographie galopante d\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre et la bascule vers une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 moderne. Face \u00e0 l\u2019accroissement des besoins, les travaux et constructions ne sont plus des options mais des n\u00e9cessit\u00e9s profondes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u00c0 La Roche-sur-Yon, les ann\u00e9es 1950 sont celles des premiers soubresauts d\u2019une mutation urbaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e. Quartiers de la Libert\u00e9 et des Forges, am\u00e9nagement paysager de l\u2019avenue Gambetta, r\u00e9flexions sur l\u2019agrandissement des b\u00e2timents administratifs\u2026 les projets se multiplient et le cadre scolaire se greffe \u00e0 cette dynamique. Sur le versant nord de la place Napol\u00e9on, les lyc\u00e9es de gar\u00e7ons (\u00c9douard-Herriot) et de jeunes filles (St\u00e9phane-Piobetta) font l\u2019objet de travaux structurants respectivement en 1958-1960 et 1963-1964. L\u2019architecte d\u00e9sign\u00e9 pour superviser les projets est Jean Dumont (1923-2007), cela n\u2019exclut pas l\u2019intervention d\u2019architectes tiers par voie de d\u00e9l\u00e9gation. Celui qui signera plus tard le Tripode, sur l\u2019\u00eele Beaulieu de Nantes, applique \u00e0 La Roche-sur-Yon un certain nombre de principes de l\u2019architecture moderne et fonctionnelle, notamment \u00e0 partir d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments pr\u00e9fabriqu\u00e9s. S\u00e9quenc\u00e9es de trav\u00e9es r\u00e9p\u00e9titives, et de claires-voies dans le cas du lyc\u00e9e de jeunes filles, les fa\u00e7ades sont b\u00e2ties sobrement. Les surfaces sont cependant rythm\u00e9es par une alternance des mat\u00e9riaux : b\u00e9ton peint ou enduit, carreaux de fa\u00efence, b\u00e9ton lav\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Dans ce registre architectural s\u2019int\u00e8grent quatre artistes par le biais du 1 % artistique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marthe Schwenck<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sculptrice engag\u00e9e dans le mouvement moderne, Marthe Baumel-Schwenck (1913-1992) intervient notamment dans le chantier de reconstruction du Havre. En son nom propre ou avec son \u00e9poux, Jean-Marie Baumel, elle r\u00e9alise des panneaux en reliefs incorpor\u00e9s \u00e0 des b\u00e2timents ou des sculptures pour des jardins publics. Le jardin du Luxembourg, le mus\u00e9e d\u2019art et arch\u00e9ologie de Gu\u00e9ret ou encore le mus\u00e9e d\u2019art moderne de la Ville de Paris conservent des \u0153uvres de Marthe Schwenck. Au lyc\u00e9e de gar\u00e7ons l\u2019artiste propose une figure d\u2019homme-sir\u00e8ne ou de triton. En pierre reconstitu\u00e9e blanche, la sculpture-fontaine au lignage moderne, \u00e9merge d\u2019une rocaille reproduisant l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment aquatique. De taille humaine, l\u2019objet artistique ornait le centre d\u2019un bassin situ\u00e9 dans la cour des \u00e9l\u00e8ves. Tourn\u00e9 vers l\u2019entr\u00e9e de la rue de Verdun, le triton de Marthe Schwenck est d\u00e9pos\u00e9 dans le cadre de la reconstruction du coll\u00e8ge \u00c9douard-Herriot (2009-2011). Pos\u00e9e sur la rampe d\u2019entr\u00e9e du nouvel \u00e9tablissement, la sculpture est d\u00e9grad\u00e9e puis install\u00e9e dans un parterre de l\u2019ancienne cour d\u2019honneur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Sculpture de Marthe Schwenck, clich\u00e9 pris en 2011 lors de son d\u00e9placement provisoire sur le site Piobetta dans le cadre des travaux du coll\u00e8ge \u00c9douard-Herriot<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bernard et Yvette Alleaume-Vincent<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Figures des interventions artistiques en lien avec l\u2019architecture, Bernard Alleaume (1930-1998) et Yvette Vincent (1927-2011) travaillent notamment les surfaces, qu\u2019elles soient murales ou au sol. Touchant la peinture, la brique, la fa\u00efence ou encore le b\u00e9ton, les artistes d\u00e9ploient, \u00e0 deux ou chacun en son nom, une production aussi riche que diverse. Peu document\u00e9e, la r\u00e9alisation pour le lyc\u00e9e Herriot se concentre sur les murs du rez-de-chauss\u00e9e nord, pr\u00e8s de l\u2019entr\u00e9e. Couleurs riches, lignes saillantes et contrastes marqu\u00e9s, l\u2019\u0153uvre (aujourd\u2019hui d\u00e9truite) de Bernard et Yvette Alleaume-Vincent apporte mouvement et abstraction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Coupure de Ouest-France en date du 28 octobre 1960 portant sur les interventions de Bernard et Yvette Alleaume-Vincent<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Albert Deman<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Originaire du Nord de la France, Albert Deman (1929-1996) s\u2019\u00e9tablit en Vend\u00e9e apr\u00e8s la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Influenc\u00e9 tout au long de sa carri\u00e8re par diff\u00e9rentes mouvances (cubisme, fauvisme, expressionnisme\u2026), Deman n\u2019intervient pas directement sur le b\u00e2timent du lyc\u00e9e Herriot mais propose un ensemble de vingt dessins \u00e0 la pierre noire repr\u00e9sentant les Fables de La Fontaine. S\u00e9quenc\u00e9 en cinq s\u00e9ries dispos\u00e9es en plusieurs endroits de l\u2019\u00e9tablissement, l\u2019ensemble se veut \u00e0 la fois figuratif et abstrait. Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 publique, l\u2019\u0153uvre est, de nos jours, toujours conserv\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u0152uvre d’Albert Deman (vue partielle), archives municipales de La Roche-sur-Yon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Philippe Thill<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1969, quelques ann\u00e9es apr\u00e8s la livraison de la construction, l\u2019agence d\u2019architecture Durand-M\u00e9nard supervise l\u2019installation du 1 % du lyc\u00e9e de jeunes filles. Le projet est confi\u00e9 \u00e0 Philippe Thill (1937-2010), laur\u00e9at du Prix de Rome en 1963. Sculpteur habitu\u00e9 des commandes publiques, Philippe Thill deviendra plus tard un acteur cl\u00e9 des liens entre architectes et artistes. \u00c0 La Roche-sur-Yon, il propose une structure m\u00e9tallique d\u2019environ quatre m\u00e8tres de hauteur. Juch\u00e9e sur un mur \u00e0 l\u2019ouest de la cour, la sculpture s\u2019offre autant aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves qu\u2019aux passants. Compos\u00e9e majoritairement de tubes de m\u00e9tal, l\u2019\u0153uvre (d\u00e9truite de longue date) joue des contrastes entre surfaces mates et brillantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u0152uvre de Philippe Thill, archives municipales de La Roche-sur-Yon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Diverses, les \u0153uvres des lyc\u00e9es \u00c9douard-Herriot et St\u00e9phane-Piobetta portent, par leur esth\u00e9tique comme leur contexte d\u2019installation, les marques d\u2019une p\u00e9riode donn\u00e9e. Il convient d\u2019y observer un t\u00e9moignage du fait artistique dans l\u2019espace public. Par leur \u00e9volution, parfois leur d\u00e9gradation ou disparition, elles invitent \u00e0 interroger le rapport complexe jusqu’\u00e0 \u00eatre insondable, qui se noue entre le public et l’objet d’art. C\u2019est le sens du travail de recherches que je m\u00e8ne depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es<\/a> dans l\u2019optique d\u2019une publication prochaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

William Chevillon<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Chronique publi\u00e9e en 2024 dans le bulletin annuel des anciens \u00e9l\u00e8ves et professeurs des lyc\u00e9es Herriot et Mend\u00e8s-France de La Roche-sur-Yon.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1951, le ministre de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale Pierre-Olivier Lapie parvient \u00e0 instituer une mesure par laquelle 1 % du montant hors-taxes de la construction d\u2019un b\u00e2timent scolaire est allou\u00e9 \u00e0 des travaux de \u00ab d\u00e9coration \u00bb. \u00c9tendu par ailleurs \u00e0 d\u2019autres minist\u00e8res, le dispositif vise \u00e0 soutenir les artistes mais \u00e9galement \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper l\u2019environnement artistique \u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":760,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[29,15],"class_list":["post-759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-propos-culturels","tag-art-contemporain","tag-la-roche-sur-yon"],"yoast_head":"\nLes 1 % des lyc\u00e9es Herriot et Piobetta \u00e0 La Roche-sur-Yon - William Chevillon<\/title>\n<meta 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